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ENGLISH: The free articles published by me, Sergio Feitoza, intend to help small companies. Such ones generate most of jobs in the world. The idea is to improve knowledge and to show opportunities in the area of equipment for power low-cost substations. |
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PORTUGUES: Os artigos gratuitos publicados por mim, Sergio Feitoza, pretendem ajudar pequenas empresas. Tais empresas geram a maioria dos empregos no mundo. A idéia é aprimorar conhecimentos e mostrar oportunidades na área de subestações de baixo custo. |
IN ENGLISH
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FREE BOOK “Renewable
Energy + Environmental Education to try to save the Planet (About Energy
Transition, H2 Green, Hydrogen and ....)” |
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| IEC61439-1: MISSING OVERLOAD TESTS for ROLLING-MILLS & OTHER INTERMITENT LOADS? | ||
| OVERLOAD TESTS FOR FUSES IN ROLLING-MILLS" - S. F. Costa, L.P. Rangel, R. G. Bastos -- “ICEFA - International Conference on Fuses and Applications" Nottingham-UK |
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| Low voltage circuit-breakers: a great opportunity for new developments | ||
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| A SUCCESSFUL LPC POWERCENTER SWITCHGEAR DEVELOPMENT – 6300A – 100 kA -690V (by IEC 61439-1&2 plus internal arc test 100kArms + seismic tests) |
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Need a High Power Lab for switchgear R&D ? |
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| IEC62271-307 English | ||
| IEC62271-307 Portugues | ||
| Old Tables for busbars | ||
| Antigas Tabelas para barramentos | ||
| Video Video Video Fusiveis na Janela | ||
| Artigo Fusiveis na Janela | ||
| Video Fuses in the window | ||
| Artcle Fuses in the window | ||
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Resposta da IEC sobre o número de
aplicações em testes de arco interno de painéis de baixa tensão. (IEC 61641) |
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Number of shots in low voltage switchgear INTERNAL ARC tests. Read
the IEC answer about number of shots (interpretation of IEC 61641) |
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LV CIRCUIT BREAKER POWER DISSIPATION : |
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TTable
6 of IEC 61439-1: QUESTION to CERTIFIERS & TESTING
LABORATORIES: -- What temperature rise limits, in bar/breaker connections, to use
when approving or certifying low voltage switchgear? -- reasonable to issue test reports without
a statement “pass/fail”? -- New test method (many sources) is more expensive than previous
If previous is not good, retest new panels of old
designs? |
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| enabling real savings of Planet resources | ||
| Seismic Tests | ||
| Aluminum instead of copper | ||
| Stimulating Innovations and ideas to developers and designers via TRAINING | ||
| Como estimular a industria eletrica brasileira ? | ||
| Metal foam patent by Sergio | f | |
| Why are the world's big manufacturers working hard on testing simulations | Why are the world's big manufacturers working hard on testing simulations | |
| REDUCING MATERIALS WASTE IN THE ELECTRIC INDUSTRY by using the power of TESTING SIMULATIONS | ||
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RETROFITTING of IEC 62271 & IEC61439 products a great business for electric panels assemblers
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| Seeding R&D ideas | ||
| 180+ posts by Sergio Feitoza Costa | ||
| Fires and explosions in power transformers | ||
| Suggestions to SC32A for next revision With a world comparison of prices & quality of distribution services) IEC 60282-2 | ||
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ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY CERTIFICATE of electric products . ( kG / MVA ) The draft of a world-wide technical standard |
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TEMPERATURE RISE: A GUIDE to LEARNING to DESIGN MV SWITCHGEAR (IEC62271), LV SWITCHBOARDS (IEC61439) & BUSWAYS |
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Bare Connection 50K to 60K |
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Você ainda usa as antigas tabelas de barras ? |
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| Melhor se for prateado | ||
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Better Silvered than Bare |
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WHY NOT USING OLD TABLES of BUSBARS amperes ??? |
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HV Circuit Breaker Resistance as seen from terminals |
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2022: Creating development, employment & income in developing countries via electric industry (a real case example ). |
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| IEC 60282-2 - High-voltage fuses - Part 2: Expulsion Fuses A suggestion to IEC - SC32A considering the extension of the validity of type test reports | ||
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(Read first ) TEMPERATURE RISE: A GUIDE to
LEARNING to DESIGN MV SWITCHGEAR (IEC62271), LV SWITCHBOARDS
(IEC61439)& BUSWAYST
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| USE FREE SwitchgearDesign for the Web | ||
| USO GRATIS SwitchgearDesign para a Web | ||
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SUGGESTION TO IEC: Service to clarify QUESTIONS ABOUT THE INTERPRETATION OF TESTING REQUIREMENTS |
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| The ELECTRIC SHOWER for DOMESTIC USE: An example of WASTE OF RESOURCES by ACCELERATED AGING (with a comment on speech of Bill Gates, to world leaders, at the April’s 2021 “Leaders’ Summit on Climate”) | ||
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O CHUVEIRO ELETRICO DE USO DOMÉSTICO (com um comentário ao discurso de Bill Gates, aos líderes mundiais, no April’s 2021 “Leaders’ Summit on Climate”) |
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| Environmental Efficiency Certificate | ||
| Certificado de Eficiencia Ambiental | ||
| Project: Testing lab + Simulations | ||
| Projeto: Laboratorio testes + Simulações | ||
| TESTING LABORATORY + DESIGN of SUBSTATION equipment (looking for partners - investors) | ||
| LABORATORIO de TESTES e PROJETO de equipamentos de SUBESTAÇÕES (procuro sócios - investidores) | ||
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| SUGGESTIONS for IMPROVEMENTS in some IEC STANDARDS: IEC 62271-200, IEC 61439, IEC 60282 , ..About overpressure measurements in IEC 62271-200, temperature rise limits and internal arc in IEC61439, aging test in IEC 60282 , a new T.R. on testing simulations, standards in more languages & new T.R. on design of (lower cost) LV to HV products. | ||
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| PANELS, SWITCHBOARDS & BUSWAYS DESIGN: copy-paste or improved engineering ? | ||
| Você sabe a razão do blecaute no Amapá ? | ||
| Do you know the reason for the Amapá - Brazil blackout ? | ||
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| Low Cost Substations X Lower Cost of Equipment (It is time to stop kidding with Earth's future) | ||
| SMALL-SIZE HIGH POWER TESTING LABS & LOW-COST SUBSTATIONS (an idea for the new moment of the electric industry) | ||
| The Future of High Power Testing Laboratories | ||
Book “Switchgear, Busways, Isolators - Substations & Lines” (available also in Spanish and Portuguese) |
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IEC 61439: The Mystery of the Temperature Rise Limits (• Was your low voltage switchgear approved in the temperature rise test? • Is this written in the test report or you have a “quality system” weak point? • An alert to low-voltage switchgear buyers ) |
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An aIEC 61439-1: Answer to a NIAZ QUESTION in LinkedIn about TABLE 6 (Limits of temperature rise used in the test).lert to low-voltage switchgear buyers ) |
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Four Ideas about Switchboards and Switchgear (IEC 62271 / 61439: innovations in design, testing and qualification) |
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| Small high-power testing lab + Simulations(an idea to boost the electrical industry in developing countries) |
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| Accepting Simulations To Replace High Power Tests (An Idea For Developing Countries Without Laboratories) |
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TRIAXIAL high current AIS - GIS: disclosing an idea worldwide use !, In this article I disclose an idea for an alternative design to be used in “air insulated switchgear” (AIS) and “gas insulated switchgear” (GIS). |
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Co-author of the Cigre Brochure 740 (August 2018) - Contemporary Design Of Low Cost Substations In Developing Countries ) |
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IEC 61439 connections: temperature rise of 10K above IEC limit = loss of life 66% |
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How can IEC standards help to reduce the gap between developed and developing countries?) |
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| Certification&Qualification of Electric Products Using “testing simulations”to reduce costs. |
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| Thermodynamic Models and Three-Dimensional Analysis for Loading Transformer Limits Determination | ||
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Power Transformers & Reactors: Calculations of Electromechanical Forces & Stresses, Temperature Rise And Overpressures Of Internal Arc: Method and Possibilities of a Software for Developing Countries |
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Temperature Rise Tests in IEC 61439-1: Low-voltage switchgear - Doubts and ideas to IEC) |
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Finding the Optimal Design using Simulations (Aluminum x Copper) (Try to do it with real lab high power tests!
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Finding the Optimal Switchgear Design: A comparison between aluminum and copper and an idea of new concept. - Co-authors: Sergio Feitoza Costa & Marlon Campos - Also published in Portuguese Jan – 2014 in O SETOR ELÉTRICO “ (page 136) |
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Validation of Magnetic & Electric Fields Mapping & Temperature Rise Tests Simulations (Report 074/2014) |
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Validation of software SwitchgearDesign - Simulation o Tests (Temperature Rise, Short Time Current, Electrodynamic forces, Internal Arc) - Report 071/2014 |
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Typical simulation report for high power tests |
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Guide for The Use of Calculations & Simulation of Laboratory Tests |
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Software DECIDIX for the TECHNICAL ECONOMYCAL ASSESSMENT of ENERGY PROJECTS |
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Inducing & Assessing New Technologies for The Electric Industry of Developing Countries |
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Overpressures --Internal Arc Tests: IEC 62271-200 X Cigrè Brochure 602 X IEC 62271-307 |
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R&D of Electric Products, Creativity & Costs |
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Design Decisions for Switchgear, Panels, Switchboards & Busways ( & patent) |
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Electrical System Studies: Specification of Equipment for New Substations |
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Interruption of short circuits, electrodynamical forces & temperature rise in substations. |
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Simulation of High Power Tests from 2007 to 2017: what changed for manufacturers, users, certification companies and testing laboratories? |
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Magnetic & Electric Fields in substations and neighborhood: mapping, health legislation & EMC |
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Typical simulation report for high power tests |
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Brochure CIGRE 602 / 2014 -Tools For The Simulation Of Internal Arc In T&D Switchgear (co-author) |
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Validation of Simulations In Switchgear (& main parts of a code) -CIGRE Technical Seminar "Modeling and Testing of Transmission and Distribution Switchgear" March 24, 2010 Brisbane – Australia |
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Simulation, IEC
Standards & Testing Laboratories: Joining Pieces for
Higher Quality HV Equipment”.
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Published also in in Energy Pulse weekly, September, 28 , 2010 |
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Simulations & Calculations as Verification Tools for Design & Performance of High-Voltage Equipment” . Co-authors: M. Kriegel, X. Zhu, M. Glinkowski, A. Grund, H.K. Kim, P. Robin-Jouan, L. Van der Sluis, R.P.P. Smeets, T. Uchii, H. Digard, D. Yoshida, S. Feitoza Costa -CIGRE publication A3-210 (2008) - Cigre - Paris 2008 |
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SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS IN INTERNAL ARC SIMULATION AND TESTING, - CIGRE WG A3.24, CIGRE A3 SESSION, 2009 - Co-authors: M. Kriegel, R. Smeets, N. Uzelac, R. Pater, M. Glinkowski, P. Vinson, S. Feitoza Costa, G. Pietsch, E. Dullni, Th. Reiher, L. van der Sluis, D. Yoshida, H.K. Kim, K. Y. Kweon, E. Fjeld, |
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IEC Standards for developing countries |
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Validation of Test Reports Issued By Recognized Testing Laboratories |
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Switchgear, Busbar Systems & Built-In Components: Something Is Missing In IEC & IEEE Standards. |
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Also published in Energy Pulse weekly, September, 28 , 2010 |
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PANELES
ELÉCTRICOS, CELDAS, DUCTOS Y SUBESTACIONES: |
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APARAMENTAS, CELDAS, CANALIZACIONESy EQUIPOS para SUBESTACIONES y LÍNEAS |
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| Pequeño Laboratorio de Alta Potencia + Simulaciones(una idea para impulsar la industria eléctrica de países en desarrollo) |
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Aceptando Simulaciones Para Reemplazar Pruebas de Alta Potencia (Una Idea Para Países En Desarrollo Sin Laboratorios) |
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| VALIDACIÓN DEL Software SwitchgearDesign para la simulación de pruebas de alta potencia(corrientes soportables de corta duración y cresta - fuerzas electrodinámicas, calentamientoy sobrepresiones del arco interno) | ||
| Conexiones IEC 61439:aumento de temperatura de 10 K por encima del límite IEC = pérdida de vida 66% |
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Tableros,
Celdas y Aparamentas: |
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| Certificación y calificación de productos eléctricos |
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Celdas, Cuadros, Canalizaciones y Otros Equipos de Transmisión y Distribución |
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También publicado en Revista RBE Energía (Madrid / España) - Enero/Febrero 2010 - pag 62 |
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Validación De Los Informes De Ensayo Emitidos Por Laboratorios De Pruebas Reconocidos |
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Nuevas Tecnologías Y Procedimientos En La Industria Eléctrica De Países En Desarrollo |
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Capítulo I – Definições e estudos do sistema elétrico que servem de base para as especificações técnicas dos equipamentos para subestações de transmissão e distribuição |
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Capítulo II – Curtos-circuitos, ampacidades sobrecargas e contatos elétricos. |
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Capítulo III (março): Técnicas de ensaios de alta potência, laboratórios e fundamentos dos ensaios |
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Capítulo IV (abril): Estudos elétricos de sobretensões, coordenação de isolamento e impactos de campos elétricos e magnéticos |
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Capítulo V (maio): Arcos internos em equipamentos de subestações |
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Capítulo VI (junho): Especificações técnicas de disjuntores, secionadores, painéis e para-raios feitas por concessionárias de energia |
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Capítulo VII (Julho) – Distancias de segurança de subestações e sistemas de proteção contra incêndios em subestações |
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Capitulo VIII (Agosto): Novos conceitos utilizados no Relatório Técnico IEC 62271-307 (painéis de media tensão) |
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Capitulo IX (Setembro): Técnicas Para Reformar Eqiuiamentos De Subestações E Adiar Investimentos. |
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Capitulo X: (Outubro): Induzindo novas tecnologias para o setor elétrico (Novas Tecnologias para 145 kV) |
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Capitulo XI (Novembro): Cálculo da elevação de temperatura em invólucros pela IEC 60890 |
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Capitulo XII (Dezembro): Cálculos de Engenharia em Projetos de Equipamentos para Subestações |
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